ʻO wai ka mea i haku i ka plastic?

ʻO nā ʻeke plastik nā mea e pono ai i kēlā me kēia lā e ʻike ʻia ma nā wahi āpau o ko mākou ola, no laila ʻo wai ka mea i hana i ka plastic?ʻO ia ka hoʻokolohua o ka mea paʻi kiʻi i loko o ke keʻena ʻeleʻele i alakaʻi i ka hana ʻana o ka plastic mua.

He nui nā leʻaleʻa ʻo Alexander Parks, ʻo ke kiʻi kiʻi kekahi o lākou.I ke kenekulia 19, ʻaʻole hiki i ka poʻe ke kūʻai i nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi mākaukau a me nā kemika e like me kā lākou e hana nei i kēia mau lā, a hana pinepine lākou i nā mea e pono ai lākou.No laila, ʻo kēlā me kēia mea paʻi kiʻi pono e lilo i chemist.ʻO kekahi o nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kiʻi ʻana he "collagen", ʻo ia ka hopena o "nitrocellulose", ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi hopena o nitrocellulose i loko o ka waiʻona a me ka ether.I ka manawa i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻopaʻa i nā kinikona māmā i ke aniani e hana like me ke kiʻi kiʻi o kēia lā.I ka makahiki 1850, ua nānā ʻo Parks i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka hana ʻana me ka collodion.I kekahi lā ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e hui pū me ka camphor.ʻO ka mea hoʻopūʻiwa, ʻo ka hui ʻana i loaʻa i kahi mea paʻakikī.Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Parks i ka mea "Paxine," a ʻo ia ka plastik mua.Ua hana ʻo Parks i nā ʻano mea like ʻole mai ka "Paxine": nā pulu, nā peni, nā pihi a me nā kiʻi nani.ʻAʻole naʻe ʻo Parks i ka manaʻo pāʻoihana a nalowale ke kālā ma kāna ʻoihana ponoʻī.

I ke kenekulia 20, ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe e ʻike i nā hoʻohana hou no ka plastics.Aneane hiki i nā mea a pau i loko o ka hale ke hana me kekahi ʻano plastic.Ua waiho ʻia i nā mea hana ʻē aʻe e hoʻomau i ka hoʻomohala a loaʻa kālā mai ka hana a Parks.Ua ʻike ʻo John Wesley Hayat, he mea paʻi mai New York, i ka manawa kūpono i ka makahiki 1868, i ka wā i hoʻopiʻi ai kahi hui hana pila pila no ka nele o ka niho ʻelepani.Ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo Hayat i ka hana hana a hāʻawi iā "Pakxin" i inoa hou - "celluloid".Ua loaʻa iā ia kahi mākeke mākaukau mai nā mea hana pila pila, a ʻaʻole i liʻuliʻu ma mua o kāna hana ʻana i nā ʻano huahana like ʻole me ka plastic.Hiki i nā plastics mua ke ahi, ka mea i kaupalena i ka nui o nā huahana i hiki ke hana ʻia mai ia mea.ʻO ka plastik mua i kū pono i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe ʻo "Berkelet".Ua loaʻa iā Leo Backlund ka patent i ka makahiki 1909. I ka makahiki 1909, ua hana ʻo Baekeland ma ʻAmelika i nā plastic phenolic no ka manawa mua.

I ka makahiki 1930, ua hoʻokomo hou ʻia ka nylon, a ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia "he fiber i haku ʻia me ka lanahu, ka ea a me ka wai, ʻoi aku ka lahilahi ma mua o ka silika spider, ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o ke kila, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ke kilika".ʻO ko lākou helehelena i hoʻokumu i ke kumu no ka hana ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā plastics like ʻole ma hope.Ma muli o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana petrochemical i ke Kaua Honua ʻElua, ua hoʻololi nā mea maka o ka plastic i ka lanahu me ka ʻaila, a ua ulu wikiwiki ka ʻoihana hana plastics.He mea mama loa ka plastic i hiki ke hoopalupalu ia ma ka wela ana ma kahi wela haahaa loa, a hiki ke hana ia i kekahi mea au e makemake ai.ʻO nā huahana plastik he ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka waihoʻoluʻu, māmā i ke kaumaha, ʻaʻole makaʻu i ka hāʻule, waiwai a paʻa.ʻAʻole ʻo kona hōʻea ʻana e lawe mai i ka ʻoluʻolu i ke ola o ka poʻe, akā hoʻolaha nui hoʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana.