Hoʻokumu pinepine nā mea huna o kekahi mau lāʻau i nā resins.Ma mua o ka makahiki 1872, ua ʻike mua ʻo A. Bayer ka mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa Kelemania e hiki koke i ka phenol a me ka formaldehyde ke hana i nā puʻupuʻu ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula a i ʻole nā mea lāʻau i ka wā i wela ai ma lalo o nā kūlana acidic, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia e nā ʻano kuʻuna.a hooki i ka hoao ana.Ma hope o ke kenekulia 20, hiki ke loaʻa ka phenol i ka nui mai ka lanahu tar, a hana ʻia hoʻi ka formaldehyde i nā mea he nui e like me ka preservative, no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā huahana hopena o nā mea ʻelua, a ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻomohala i nā huahana pono, ʻoiai he nui. ua hoohana nui na kanaka no ia mea., akā ʻaʻole i hoʻokō i nā hopena i manaʻo ʻia.
I ka makahiki 1904, ua hana pū ʻo Beckland a me kāna mau kōkua i kēia noiʻi.ʻO ke kumu mua ʻo ia ka hana ʻana i nā pena insulating e pani i nā resins maoli.Ma hope o ʻekolu mau makahiki o ka hana paʻakikī, i ke kauwela o 1907, ʻaʻole i hana ʻia nā pena insulating wale nō, A ua hana pū kekahi i kahi mea synthetic plastic maoli - Bakelite, i kapa ʻia ʻo "bakelite", "bakelite" a i ʻole phenolic resin.I ka wā i puka mai ai ʻo Bakelite, ua ʻike koke nā mea hana ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hana i nā ʻano huahana insulation uila, akā hana pū kekahi i nā mea e pono ai i kēlā me kēia lā.Aloha au iā T. Edison no ka hana ʻana i nā moʻolelo, a ua hoʻolaha koke ma nā hoʻolaha hoʻolaha ua hana ʻia nā tausani o nā huahana me Bakelite., No laila, ua mahalo ʻia ka mea hana a Baekeland ma ke ʻano he "alchemy" o ke kenekulia 20.
Ma mua o ka makahiki 1940, ʻo ka resin phenolic me ka coal tar e like me ka ʻāpana kumu mua i hoʻonohonoho mua ʻia i ka hoʻopuka ʻana o nā resins synthetic like ʻole, e hiki aku ana ma mua o 200,000 tons i kēlā me kēia makahiki, akā mai ia manawa, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana petrochemical, polymerized synthetic resins e like me polyethylene. Ua hoʻomau ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka , polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride a me ka polystyrene.Me ka hoʻokumuʻiaʻana o nā hale hana nui me ka hoʻopuka makahiki o kaʻoi aku o 100,000 tons o kēia mau huahana, ua lilo lākou iʻehā mauʻano o nā resins synthetic me ka mea nui loa i kēia lā.
I kēia lā, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā resins synthetic a me nā mea hoʻohui e kiʻi i nā huahana plastik ma o nā ʻano hana hoʻoheheʻe.Nui nā ʻano like ʻole o nā plastics, a ʻo ka hoʻopuka makahiki o ka honua ma kahi o 120 miliona mau tons.Ua lilo lākou i kumu kumu no ka hana ʻana, ke ola a me ke kūkulu ʻana i ka pale aupuni.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-12-2022